Latin+II+forms

=**present tense of the subjunctive**= =**imperfect tense of the subjunctive**=
 * first conj. change A to E**
 * AMEM AMES AMET AMEMUS AMETIS AMENT**
 * you can figure out the passive**
 * second conj add A to E**
 * DOCEAM DOCEAS DOCEAT DOCEAMUS DOCEATIS DOCEANT**
 * third conj change I to A**
 * DUCAM DUCAS DUCAT DUCAMUS DUCATIS DUCANT**
 * fourth conj add A to I**
 * VENIAM VENIAS VENIAT VENIAMUS VENIATIS VENIANT**
 * infinitive plus the endings. That's all! Use active infinitive and passive**
 * endings for passives**

=**perfect tense of the subjunctive**=

third principal part plus these endings:
erim eris erit erimus eritis erint

passive: fourth principal part plus present subjunctive of sum
amatus sim amatus sis, etc

=pluperfect subjunctive=

third principal part plus SSE (also called the perfect active ingfinitive)
and endings amavissem amavisses, etc

pasive uses the fourth principal part plus the imperfect of SUM
amatus essem amatus esses, etc

1. Active periphrastic is active in meaning and forms and replaces future active tense:
 * second quarter grammar NEEDED ALL YEAR!**

Ambulabo. = ambulatura sum (I am about to walk, I will walk)

2. Passive periphrastic is passive in forms but translates better into English active. The future is rarely used; the word “must” replaces it.

Liber mihi legendus est. = the book must be read by me

The agent is in the dative (without a preposition) and best becomes the English subject.

Liber mihi legendus est. = I must read the book.

3. Gerunds are nouns made from the future passive participle. That is, the same as the passive periphrastic. However, the gerund only has a singular and has no nominative. You can see that the passive periphrastic only uses nominatives. Keep your wits about you.

Hostis vincemus bene pugnando. = we will win by fighting well.

4. Gerundives use the same future passive participle, have no nominative and translate active despite the participle being passive.

Gratia regis placendi hoc fecimus. = for the sake of pleasing the king, we did this.

PUTO EXISTIMO CREDO ARBITROR SENTIO NUNTIO NEGO SCIO NOSCO AUDIO INTELLEGO DICO MONSTRO AIT/'AIUNT CUPIO CUPERE CUPIVI CUPITUM COGO COGERE COEGI COACTUM DOCEO DOCERE DOCUI DOCTUM IUBEO IUBERE IUSSI IUSSUM GRATUM EST FAS EST VIDETUR PLACET SOLEO SOLERE SOLUI SOLITUM POSSUM POSSE POTUI COEPI CONSTITUO CONSTITUERE CONSTITI CONSTITUTUM OPTO ARE AVI ATUS SEQUOR, SEQUI SECUTUS SUM (follow) LOQUOR, LOQUI, LOCUTUS SUM (say) MORIOR MORIRI MORTUUS SUM (die) ARBITROR ARBITRARI ARBITRATUS SUM (think) CONOR CONARI CONATUS SUM (I try) VIDEOR VIDERI VISUS SUM (I seem)

MAGNOPERE ALTUS AMICUS MULTO FERUS LATUS LIBER LONGUS MISER PULCHER FOEDUS GRATUS LAETUS
 * first quarter - worth reviewing**

Declension of Comparative: essentially third declension not i-stem

AEDES, AEDIS, F IMAGO, IMAGINIS, F CAPUT, CAPITIS, N BONUS,A,UM MELIOR, MELIUS (BETTER) MALUS,A,UM PEIOR, PEIUS WORSE MAGNUS,A,UM MAIOR, MAIUS LARGER PARVUS,A,UM MINOR, MINUS SMALLER MULTUS,A,UM PLUS, (PLURIS, gen) MORE RES REI F THING DIES DIEI F DAY SPES SPEI F HOPE FIDES FIDEI F TRUST DO DARE DEDI DATUS STO STARE STETI STATUS COGO COGERE COEGI COACTUS FACIO FACERE FECI FACTUS CAPIO CAPERE CEPI CAPTUS COLO COLERE COLUI CULTUS RELINQUO RELINQUERE RELIQUI RELICTUS DOCEO DOCERE DOCUI DOCTUS RUS, RURIS N COUNTRY PASSUS,US,M STEP MANUS,US, F, HAND DOMUS,US, m HOUSE CORNU, US, N. HORN SALUS, SALUTIS, F HEALTH VERUS, A, UM FLUMEN, FLUMINIS, N LITUS, LITORIS, N QUIS QUID who, what CUIUS - (same for all three) whose, of which CUI - to whom, to which QUEM QUID who(m) which QUO QUA QUO from (etc) whom, which

QUI QUAE QUAE ditto the singular QUORUM QUARUM QUORUM QUIBUS QUOS QUAS QUAE QUIBUS --- CURRO CURRERE CUCURRI CURSUS COLO, COLERE COLUI CULTUS RELINQUO RELINQUERE RELIQUI RELICTUS DOCEO DOCERE DOCUI DOCTUS AUDIO AUDIRE AUDIVI AUDITUS MITTO MITTERE MISIS MISSUS REGO REGERE REXI RECTUS DUCO DUCERE DUXI DUCTUS LAUDO LAUDARE LAUDAVI LAUDATUS VOCO VOCARE VOCAVI VOCATUS SUM ESSE FUI FUTURUS